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some information about the history of the toy. Enjoy reading:
A good
definition of toys is that their purpose is inherent in them. The joy
of engaging with their material, their functions and their
possibilities fuels the play instinct, especially in children. It does
not necessarily have to be labelled "educationally valuable" to be
useful for the acquisition of various motor or cognitive skills.
Children can also use very simple objects to imitate and re-enact
events and observations from their everyday lives or even create their
own imaginary worlds. Beautiful and elaborate toys serve to show the
child's appreciation and thus have a significant influence on their
personality development.
Archaeological finds of worked bones and stones found as grave goods in
children's graves indicate that even in the Stone Age, children were
given special objects to play with. Doll-like objects, rattles,
clatters and whistles made of clay have also been discovered. A hand
axe measuring just 4.4 cm was found in Rhenen in the Netherlands. It is
attributed to the time of the Neanderthals. However, it is not known
whether all of these things were used exclusively as children's toys.
In Egypt, carved wooden figures of crocodiles and lions with movable
lower jaws were also found. Some of these toys even have a device to
which a string can be attached. This allowed the little Egyptians to
pull them behind them. An exhibit in the Egyptian Museum in Berlin, a
wooden crocodile, is already equipped with a mechanism that can open
and close the animal's mouth when it is pulled behind it. These finds
are dated to around 200 BC. Throughout the entire Mediterranean region
of antiquity, dolls were also made from wood, clay, terracotta and
plaster.
In Mesopotamia (Iraq / Syria) and Iran, the world of the animals known
there also served as a model for toy production. The creation of the
figure of a lion lying on a stone slab with wheels and that of a
porcupine, also lying on a kind of cart, are estimated to have occurred
in the third millennium BC.
The pastime of playing parlor games such as "checkers" and the "dog and
jackal game" was already known in ancient times, as can be deduced from
contemporary wall paintings in Egypt. One of the oldest toys that has
been handed down and preserved is the spinning top, which was already
in use in archaic times.
For
the children of the Middle Ages, at least for the many poor people of
that time, the opportunity to play was a real luxury. Their everyday
life mostly consisted of hard physical work. In their limited free
time, they amused themselves with things that nature offered them. For
example, they made small toy figures out of chestnuts, acorns and pine
cones or created their own little kingdom out of earth, sand, stones
and tree branches. Parents, mostly due to economic constraints, hardly
had the opportunity to give their children much attention and
appreciation.
For the offspring of the nobility, the middle classes and the wealthy
merchants, the reality was usually quite different. There was enough
toys available in the form of dolls, hobby horses, windmills, wooden
hoops, glass marbles, rattles, tin soldiers, brass horses, etc. In
these circles, it was also considered right to offer children
gender-specific toys. This was intended to consolidate the definition
of the roles of girls and boys in society. The girls were encouraged to
play with dolls and dollhouses in order to prepare them for the role of
mother and guardian of domestic order. In addition, instruction in
knitting, spinning and jewelry was also sought. The boys were given all
kinds of war toys of the time. Here, for example, an artfully crafted
knight figure with joints was the ultimate object of desire.
With the onset of industrialization, its technological achievements
were also applied to toy construction. This also made it possible to
produce tin toys. Human and animal figures, houses and wagons could now
be produced in large quantities from thinly rolled sheet metal. The
changes that the industrial revolution had on most people's
environments were also evident in the range of children's toys on
offer. Small-scale steam engines were intended to fill the hearts of
sons with pride, and sophisticated dollhouses were intended to make
daughters from good families happy. And the upheaval in children's
rooms continued. In 1895, the Märklin company introduced the
first
rail-bound, steam-powered toy trains. A few years later, this was
developed into the electric model train, which can still sometimes be
bought today.
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